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Battle of Centuripe
The Battle of Centuripe was fought from the 2 to 4 August 1943, as part of the Allied invasion of Sicily during World War II. The 78th ''Battleaxe'' Division, of the British Eighth Army, was engaged in fierce fighting around the town of Centuripe in the central portion of Sicily in the hill country between the Rivers Dittaìno and Salso. The battle focused around Centuripe which the German Wehrmacht had heavily fortified the hill town set on a very high rocky pinnacle and approached by only one steep and twisty road. Centuripe itself was the key to the whole Adrano position and the capture of Adrano would in turn force the Germans to withdraw to new positions.〔Alexander, p.1021.〕 The British troops captured the town after heavy fighting and as a result caused the Germans to start contemplating abandoning Sicily altogether.〔Facaros & Pauls, p.225.〕
==Background==
The key position in the German defense line across Sicily was Centuripe, a village perched on the top of a formidable line of steep hills along with its precipitous sides which gave it an almost impregnable position. The lesser hills round it were well defended by the Germans and it was necessary for them to be mastered before Centuripe could be tackled.〔 Defending this position was the crack Hermann Göring Division consisting mostly of the 3rd Fallschirmjäger Regiment as part of ''Kampfgruppe von Carnap'' under Ludwig Heilmann. As well as the regiment, the kampfgruppe consisted of an artillery regiment and a number of reconnaissance units which included a number of tanks with supporting infantry units. Heilmann had replaced the commander Oberstleutenant Von Carnap after he had been killed by British artillery fire in late July.〔Mitchum, p.256.〕〔Kurowski, p.254.〕
The 78th ''Battleaxe'' Division under command of Major-General Vyvyan Evelegh assembled for a drive towards Catenanuova and to capture Centuripe as part of Operation ''Hardgate''.〔Chant, pp. 77-78.〕 The country between the two villages was wild and rough with great rocky crags, similar to those among which the division had fought in the campaign in Tunisia, and this terrain covered the one mountain road between them.〔Ford, pp.68-70.〕 Evelegh ordered Brigadier Nelson Russell commander of the 38th (Irish) Infantry Brigade to take Centuripe, and the plan was for a night advance to be made with heavy artillery fire available at call. The 6th Battalion, Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers and the 1st Battalion, Royal Irish Fusiliers were given the main tasks, and the 2nd Battalion, London Irish Rifles were ordered to make a dangerous flank move.〔Doherty, p.116.〕
On the evening of August 1 the London Irish moved to a lying-up area in the wadis below the foothills of Centuripe. No transport was able to get forward and that meant that all ammunition, food, and other supplies had to be man-handled causing a delay.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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